In english adverbs often end in ly (quickly, slowly, reluctantly). In spanish they often end in -mente.
Add -mente to the feminine form of the adjective.
Ex: desafortunado/desafortunada - Desafrotunadamente, no.
Unfortunately, no.
If the adjective doesn't have a feminine form, then attach it to the singular form.
Ex: frecuente - Yo ablo frecuentemente.
I speak often.
And don't forget accents! They go exactly where they would without the -mente.
Fácil = fácilmente.
Sunday, April 26, 2009
Affirmative and Negative tú Commands
To form the affirmative tú command, all you do is use the third person singular form of the verb in the present tense.
Ex: Rodrigo pasa la aspiradora = Por favor, pasa la aspiradora
Rodrigo vacuums - Please vacuum.
Verbs with Irregular tú command forms.
Hacer: haz
Ser: sé
Ir: ve
decir: di
poner: pon
salir: sal
tener: ten
venir: ven
*Note that on the above Go verbs, you drop the go.
Negative
To form the negative tú command, you take the yo form of the verb in the present tense and change the ending to -es for -ar verbs, and -ar for -er and -ir verbs.
Ex: Dejar - No me dejes!
Don't leave me!
Irregulars:
dar: no des
estar: no estés
ir: no vayas
saber: no sepas
ser: no seas
Ex: Rodrigo pasa la aspiradora = Por favor, pasa la aspiradora
Rodrigo vacuums - Please vacuum.
Verbs with Irregular tú command forms.
Hacer: haz
Ser: sé
Ir: ve
decir: di
poner: pon
salir: sal
tener: ten
venir: ven
*Note that on the above Go verbs, you drop the go.
Negative
To form the negative tú command, you take the yo form of the verb in the present tense and change the ending to -es for -ar verbs, and -ar for -er and -ir verbs.
Ex: Dejar - No me dejes!
Don't leave me!
Irregulars:
dar: no des
estar: no estés
ir: no vayas
saber: no sepas
ser: no seas
Pronoun Placement on Commands
In affirmative commands, put the pronoun on the end, remembering to stress the correct syllable.
Ex: Por favor, señorita Elena, escríbanos aquí su nombre.
Please, Elena, write your name for us here.
In negative commands; however, the pronoun goes before the verb.
Ex: No, no nos escriba su nombre con esa pluma.
No, don't write your autograph for us with that pen.
Ex: Por favor, señorita Elena, escríbanos aquí su nombre.
Please, Elena, write your name for us here.
In negative commands; however, the pronoun goes before the verb.
Ex: No, no nos escriba su nombre con esa pluma.
No, don't write your autograph for us with that pen.
Give Formal Commands Using usted/ustedes
For -ar verbs, take the yo form of the verb and change the ending to -e.
Ex: siento becomes siente.
No siente al niño delante de la televisión.
Don't sit the child in front of the television.
For -er and -ir verbs, take the yo form of the verb and change the ending to -ar.
Ex: como becomes coma
Coma comidas nutritivas.
Eat nutritious foods.
For ustedes commands, use plural endings.
Ex: hablo becomes hablen
Hablen español, por favor.
Speak spanish, por favor.
Some common verbs have irregular usted commands.
dar: dé; den
estar: esté; estén
ir: vaya; vayan
saber: sepa; sepan
ser: sea; sean
Don't forget that -go verbs will have the spelling change in them! Ex; poner - pongo - ponga.
Ex: siento becomes siente.
No siente al niño delante de la televisión.
Don't sit the child in front of the television.
For -er and -ir verbs, take the yo form of the verb and change the ending to -ar.
Ex: como becomes coma
Coma comidas nutritivas.
Eat nutritious foods.
For ustedes commands, use plural endings.
Ex: hablo becomes hablen
Hablen español, por favor.
Speak spanish, por favor.
Some common verbs have irregular usted commands.
dar: dé; den
estar: esté; estén
ir: vaya; vayan
saber: sepa; sepan
ser: sea; sean
Don't forget that -go verbs will have the spelling change in them! Ex; poner - pongo - ponga.
Pronoun Placement
Where do you put direct or indirect object pronouns? Sometimes they are placed before the verb, and sometimes they attach to the verb.
If the verb is conjugated then put the pronoun before the verb.
Ex: Sus consejos nos ayudaron mucho.
Your advice helped us a lot.
If there are two verbs then you can put the pronoun before the conjugated verb or attach it to the infinitive/-ndo form.
Ex: La voy a entrevistar.
I am going to interview her.
Estábamos mirándolo el sábado pasado.
We were watching it last Saturday.
*Nota Gramática:
The verb deber is used with an infinitive to say that someone should or ought to do something.
Ex: Debes tomar apuntes.
You should take notes.
If the verb is conjugated then put the pronoun before the verb.
Ex: Sus consejos nos ayudaron mucho.
Your advice helped us a lot.
If there are two verbs then you can put the pronoun before the conjugated verb or attach it to the infinitive/-ndo form.
Ex: La voy a entrevistar.
I am going to interview her.
Estábamos mirándolo el sábado pasado.
We were watching it last Saturday.
*Nota Gramática:
The verb deber is used with an infinitive to say that someone should or ought to do something.
Ex: Debes tomar apuntes.
You should take notes.
Unit 3
Sorry Guys, no video yet. Just didn't plan it out well enough. I'm still thinking about it though, there's still a chance for next time. We'll see. Anyway, here we go.
Dino
Dino
Thursday, February 5, 2009
Preview of what's to come
Ok, two and something hours later, I'm finished with all the stuff below. I'll be doing at least a couple more major updates of this, and if people somehow find out about this and want me to keep going, I will. Other than that, I'm going to try and turn in a video of me teaching the concepts next time, which will be awesome. I don't know if my teacher knows this or not, but she's downloaded an alternative web browser that doesn't have the schools network restrictions on it, so she ought to be able to view a youtube video (which makes my job easier). See you in a month!
- Dino
Double Object Pronouns
What happens if you want to have both direct and indirect object pronouns in the same sentence? The indirect object goes first.
Te los compramos. El mesero me los dio.
We bought them for you. The waiter gave them to me.
Remember that when a conjugated verb appears with an infinitive or an -ndo form, you have two choices. You can put the pronouns before the conjugated verb, or you can attach them to the infinitive or -ndo form, or an affirmative command. Either way, the sentences mean the same thing.
Me los vas a comprar. Vas a comprármelos.
You are going to buy them for me. You are going to buy them for me.
Me los estás comprando. Estás comprándomelos.
You are buying them for me. You are buying them for me.
For adding accents, count back three nouns on infinitives and four on progressives.
There is a special rule for verbs with two pronouns when both are third person. Change the indirect object pronoun to se.
Le pedí una servilleta al meser.
I asked the waiter for a napkin.
Se la pedí.
I asked him for it.
When you are in the city, you could take a stroll (dar una vuelta).
Podemos tambíen dar una vuelta por la ciudad.
We can also take a stroll around the city.
The verb ofrecer to offer is often used with an indirect object pronoun.
Le ofrecieron un trabajo.
They offered him a job.
Te los compramos. El mesero me los dio.
We bought them for you. The waiter gave them to me.
Remember that when a conjugated verb appears with an infinitive or an -ndo form, you have two choices. You can put the pronouns before the conjugated verb, or you can attach them to the infinitive or -ndo form, or an affirmative command. Either way, the sentences mean the same thing.
Me los vas a comprar. Vas a comprármelos.
You are going to buy them for me. You are going to buy them for me.
Me los estás comprando. Estás comprándomelos.
You are buying them for me. You are buying them for me.
For adding accents, count back three nouns on infinitives and four on progressives.
There is a special rule for verbs with two pronouns when both are third person. Change the indirect object pronoun to se.
Le pedí una servilleta al meser.
I asked the waiter for a napkin.
Se la pedí.
I asked him for it.
When you are in the city, you could take a stroll (dar una vuelta).
Podemos tambíen dar una vuelta por la ciudad.
We can also take a stroll around the city.
The verb ofrecer to offer is often used with an indirect object pronoun.
Le ofrecieron un trabajo.
They offered him a job.
Indirect Object Pronouns
Remember that you use indirect object poronouns to replace or accompany indirect object nouns.
Les compró regalos a sus amigos. becomes Les compró regalos.
She bought presents for her friends. She bought presents for them.
If there's an indirect object, there's usually a direct object.
Indirect objects answer the question to whom or for whom.
Indirect Object Pronouns:
me nos
te
le les
Like direct object pronouns, indirect object pronouns are usually placed before conjugated verbs, and may be attached to infinitives and -ndo forms, as well as affirmative commands.
El mesero dio la cuenta a Laura. El mesero le dio la cuenta.
The waiter gave Laura the bill. The waiter gave her the bill.
El mesero va a darle la cuenta.
The waiter is going to give her the bill.
El mesero está dándole la cuenta.
The waiter is giving her the bill.
Remember that with gustar, the subject (the thing liked) follows the verb, and the indirect object (me, te, le, nos, les) comes before the verb.
Me gusta el pescado, pero no me gustan las salchichas.
I like fish, but I don't like hot dogs.
Note that you use gusta with singular nouns like pescado and gustan with plural nouns like salchichas. Other verbs that follow the same rule are listed in the vocabulary box.
Other verbs like gustar:
encantar: to delight
faltar: to lack
fascinar: to fascinate, to love (sports, food, etc.)
importar: to be important to, to matter
interesar: to interest
molestar: to bother
Les compró regalos a sus amigos. becomes Les compró regalos.
She bought presents for her friends. She bought presents for them.
If there's an indirect object, there's usually a direct object.
Indirect objects answer the question to whom or for whom.
Indirect Object Pronouns:
me nos
te
le les
Like direct object pronouns, indirect object pronouns are usually placed before conjugated verbs, and may be attached to infinitives and -ndo forms, as well as affirmative commands.
El mesero dio la cuenta a Laura. El mesero le dio la cuenta.
The waiter gave Laura the bill. The waiter gave her the bill.
El mesero va a darle la cuenta.
The waiter is going to give her the bill.
El mesero está dándole la cuenta.
The waiter is giving her the bill.
Remember that with gustar, the subject (the thing liked) follows the verb, and the indirect object (me, te, le, nos, les) comes before the verb.
Me gusta el pescado, pero no me gustan las salchichas.
I like fish, but I don't like hot dogs.
Note that you use gusta with singular nouns like pescado and gustan with plural nouns like salchichas. Other verbs that follow the same rule are listed in the vocabulary box.
Other verbs like gustar:
encantar: to delight
faltar: to lack
fascinar: to fascinate, to love (sports, food, etc.)
importar: to be important to, to matter
interesar: to interest
molestar: to bother
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